cotto

Cotto means 'cooked, but if you see it by itself on a menu, it means prosciutto cotto (cooked rather than cured ham).

When ordering meat in a restaurant you may be asked for la cottura:

al sangue (or poco cotto): rare

a media cottura: medium rare

rosata: medium ('pink')

cotto a puntino: cooked to perfection (according to the chef)

ben cotto: well-done. Never for a bistecca alla fiorentina!

Other terms:

cotto a bassa temperatura: cooked at a low temperature (often sous-vide, or cucina sottovuoto)

cottura arrosta: roasting

cottura a fuoco lento: simmering

cottura in umido: stewing

For fish, use poco cotto, cottura media, or ben cotto.